From late fall to early spring, we often hear people refer to these cooler months of the year as respiratory virus season.
This is the period where various viruses that affect the respiratory system become more prevalent, and you see an uptick in certain conditions, including:
- Influenza (Flu): The flu is highly contagious and can lead to severe illness, especially in vulnerable populations like the elderly, young children, and those with chronic or underlying health conditions. Symptoms usually include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, and fatigue.
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): RSV is an infection in the lungs and respiratory tract that commonly effects infants, young children, and people over 75. RSV can lead to bronchiolitis and pneumonia in severe cases. Symptoms can range from mild cold-like signs to more severe breathing difficulties.
- Common Cold Viruses: The common cold infects the nose, sinuses, and throat, and it can be spread through droplets in the air or on surfaces. Symptoms typically include a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, sore throat, and cough. While usually mild, colds can contribute to more serious respiratory issues, especially in those with existing health problems.
- Coronaviruses: Before the pandemic, coronaviruses were already known to cause common colds. However, the emergence of COVID-19 brought significant attention to this virus.
Factors Contributing to Respiratory Virus Season
Several factors contribute to the increase in respiratory viruses during this time of year, such as changes in the weather and temperatures, family members returning to school or work, and holiday gatherings.
Colder temperatures and lower humidity can dry out the mucous membranes in the respiratory tract and make it easier for viruses to enter the body. Additionally, people tend to spend more time indoors, increasing the chances of virus transmission in close quarters.
With children returning to school, there is a higher likelihood of spreading viruses. Schools and daycare centers can become hotbeds for respiratory infections since kids are often in close contact with one another.
The holiday season is known for large gatherings and bringing friends and family together. This creates opportunities for viruses to spread, especially paired with travel and shared meals.
Spending more time indoors increases the chances of virus transmission in close quarters.
Prevention Strategies
Some ways you can help reduce your risk of getting sick include:
- Vaccination: Getting your flu and COVID-19 vaccine is one of the most effective ways to prevent getting sick. The flu and COVID-19 are known for their ability to mutate, which is why annual vaccinations are recommended. In some cases, vaccines are also available for RSV, especially for high-risk infants.
- Good Hygiene: Regular hand washing with soap and water can help eliminate viruses, along with using hand sanitizer and avoiding touching your face and covering coughs and sneezes to prevent the spread of germs.
- Stay Home When Sick: If you or a family member show symptoms, stay home to prevent spreading illness to others.
- Healthy Lifestyle: Maintaining a healthy diet, staying hydrated, exercising regularly, and getting enough sleep can strengthen your immune system, making it more resilient against infections.
Respiratory virus season is a challenging time for many, but recognizing contributing factors and doing your part to prevent the spread can help communities better navigate the season.