Heat Dangers: Know the Signs

It’s a known fact that in most places, the summer months bring an intense wave of heat with them.

According to the Weather Channel, more than 2,300 deaths were connected to heat in 2023 in the United States, the highest number ever recorded.

While they are different, heat stroke and heat exhaustion are directly linked to high temperatures. Understanding the differences and dangers between the two can help keep you safe and prepared in case of an emergency.

What Is Heat Exhaustion?

Heat exhaustion occurs when the body loses too much water and salt due to excessive sweating, typically caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures and heavy physical exertion.

Symptoms of Heat Exhaustion:

• Heavy sweating
• Weakness or fatigue
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Nausea or vomiting
• Muscle cramps
• Headache
• Pale, cool, and clammy skin
• Fast, weak pulse

If you are in a situation where you or someone else is experiencing heat exhaustion, move to a cooler place, drink water or a sports drink, and rest. Seek medical help if symptoms don’t subside or worsen as heat exhaustion can progress into heat stroke.

What Is Heat Stroke?

Heat stroke occurs when the body fails to cool itself or regulate its temperature, causing the temperature to rise to dangerous levels, usually above 104°F. Heat stroke, like heat exhaustion, can occur during or after strenuous physical activity in the heat or when the body is exposed to high temperatures for a long time.

Symptoms of Heat Stroke:

• High body temperature (above 104°F or 40°C)
• Hot, red, dry, or damp skin
• Rapid, strong pulse
• Confusion or altered mental state
• Slurred speech
• Seizures
• Loss of consciousness

Call 911 immediately if you think someone is experiencing a heat stroke. While waiting for medical help, move the person to a cooler place, use a cool cloth or a cool bath to lower body temperature, remove excess clothing, and give them water only if they are conscious and able to swallow.

Prevention Is the Best Protection

There are several things you can do to prevent heat stroke and heat exhaustion, especially in the summer months when it’s significantly hotter outside.

1. Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day, even if you aren’t thirsty, especially if you’re outside or exercising. Avoid things that can dehydrate you like alcohol and caffeine.
2. Dress Appropriately: Wear lightweight, loose-fitting, and light-colored clothing.
3. Get Acclimated, Take Breaks: If you’re working or exercising outside, take frequent breaks in the shade or a cool place, especially if you aren’t used to the heat.
4. Avoid Peak Heat: Try to limit outdoor activities during the hottest parts of the day, usually between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
5. Use Sunscreen: Protect your skin from sunburn, which can affect your body’s ability to cool itself.

Stay Informed and Keep Cool

According to research conducted by the World Economic Forum (WEF), heatwaves are predicted to claim 1.6 million lives by 2050. Understanding the differences between heat stroke and heat exhaustion can be the difference between life and death. Knowing when to act and what to do is important to keep you and those around you safe.