Category Archive

2024 May

Child Trauma Therapy

2024 May, Lifestyle and Wellness April 22, 2024

Traumatic events affect children in different ways, but therapy can help them heal.

According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), two-thirds of children experience a traumatic event by the age of 16. Sadly, there is no age immune to the impacts of trauma.

It’s vital we understand what are considered traumatic events, recognize the signs children exhibit (though they vary in age and developmental stage), and know what treatments are available to support those affected.

Children experiencing trauma responses may have experienced:

  • Physical or emotional bullying
  • Involvement in an accident
  • Natural disasters
  • Sexual abuse or exploitation
  • Terrorism
  • Community violence
  • Serious illness
  • Physical abuse
  • Witnessing domestic violence
  • Neglect
  • Grief or coping after the death of a loved one

Recognizing Signs of Traumatic Stress in Children

A child may exhibit symptoms of traumatic stress when they are triggered by something that reminds them of the traumatic event. And while everyone exhibits reactions to stress, traumatic stress can manifest in ways that interfere with a child’s daily life and how they relate to those around them. Some signs include:

  • Intense episodes or ongoing emotional upset
  • Depression and anxiety
  • Regressing in established skills
  • Nightmares and trouble sleeping
  • Difficulties self-regulating
  • Poor eating and weight loss
  • Displaying feelings of guilt or shame
  • Struggling to form attachments or relate to others
  • Older children may exhibit risky behavior in the form of drug or alcohol use, as well as unhealthy sexual activity

Treating Trauma with Therapy

Treatment can help children understand their traumatic responses and identify triggers, as well as decrease their stress symptoms, develop healthy coping skills, re-establish safety, and process their experience so their related memories and emotions are less disruptive. There are different therapeutic approaches to treating trauma.

 

Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (or TF-CBT) understands parents and/or caregivers significantly impact a child’s trauma response, and this treatment approach can sometimes require their participation. In those instances, it typically begins with separate sessions for the child and parent (non-offending parent in cases of abuse) before moving into joint sessions.

TF-CBT aims to help the child modify distorted thinking, overcome negative behaviors, challenge invasive thoughts, restore a sense of safety and security, and empower the parent or caregiver to better help the child going forward. TF-CBT incorporates several core features and techniques, including psychoeducation (teaching normal reactions to traumatic experiences), coping skills, gradual exposure, cognitive processing for regulating emotions, and rebuilding trust in relationships with adults.

 

Prolonged Exposure Therapy

It’s common for children who’ve experienced trauma to try and shut out their memories and avoid any feelings associated with it, but that can hinder their ability to heal. Prolonged exposure therapy focuses on approaching traumatic memories gradually to decrease PTSD symptoms and responses over time.

 

EMDR

The goal of EMDR, which stands for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, is to overwrite the earlier, unprocessed version of an event’s memory and put it into context — making it something that’s remembered rather than relived.

EMDR involves having the child focus on the traumatic event and accompanying memories while simultaneously experiencing bilateral stimulation (such as eye movements). This can reduce the intensity and emotion surrounding the memory. EMDR treatment can be tailored to the child, but it works best for those who experienced a trauma with a clear beginning and end (an accident, for example).

Art Therapy

Art therapy is another approach that can help children process trauma in a way that makes them more comfortable expressing themselves, boosts their self-esteem, and even improves cognitive and sensory-motor functioning in young children.

Play Therapy

Play therapy is an approach for working through a child’s trauma because by allowing the child to express and communicate in a way that feels natural. The act of play is a fundamental component of children’s growth and expression, so it can have a therapeutic impact and feel more natural when they use it to address difficult topics.

While the memories of a traumatic event will remain after therapy, they can have less control over children’s everyday lives, and healthy coping skills can help them succeed and thrive moving forward.

Sources:

https://www.nctsn.org/
https://www.samhsa.gov/child-trauma/understanding-child-trauma
https://www.samhsa.gov/child-trauma/recognizing-and-treating-child-traumatic-stress
https://cctasi.northwestern.edu/trauma-focused-therapy/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8812369/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4476061/
https://childmind.org/article/emdr-therapy-for-childhood-trauma/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7163896/

Palliative Care: A Supportive Option to Help Patients and Their Families

2024 May, Benefit Spotlight April 22, 2024

Navigating a serious illness can be challenging. Palliative care lessens the burden.

When you, or someone you care about, are diagnosed with a serious illness, it takes a massive toll on all aspects of your life. Navigating care options and figuring out your new normal can be overwhelming, and many are unsure how to find support — or if it’s even available. That’s where palliative care comes in.

Palliative care (which stems from the Latin word palliare, meaning “to cloak”) offers supportive care in many forms to lessen the burden and strain felt when you’re dealt a life-altering diagnosis. It acts as an additional layer of care to enhance your well-being alongside the current treatment plan that may already be underway.

Palliative care can be a good option if you are impacted by one of the following conditions: ALS, Alzheimer’s, cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease, heart disease, stroke, Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis, AIDs, cystic fibrosis, and diseases of the kidney, liver, or lungs.

Palliative Care Differs from Hospice

Palliative care and hospice are not interchangeable terms. Hospice focuses on end-of-life care, whereas palliative care aims to improve a person’s quality of life and alleviate stress at any stage of an illness.

Unlike hospice care, palliative care does not signify an end of treatment or a terminal diagnosis — in fact, it is often done in tandem with curative treatment. Palliative care can help relieve issues such as breathing difficulties, pain, nausea, anxiety, loss of appetite, depression, constipation, fatigue, and lifestyle stressors.

Palliative Care is Needs-Based

Palliative care varies depending on the available resources in your area and your or your loved one’s condition. A palliative care team may consist of medical professionals and specialists—such as doctors and nurses — who help with symptom management, as well as social workers, chaplains, and financial advisors.

The demands on your mind, body, finances, and relationships may be overwhelming, but a palliative care team helps with weighing treatment options and better understanding your condition, empowering you to address important decisions surrounding:

  • Medical expenses: concerns around insurance coverage, Medicare plan, and financial planning for ongoing treatment
  • Living arrangements: a person can receive palliative care in their home, a clinic or hospital, a nursing home, or other setting
  • Legal documentation: setting up a power of attorney or creating a living will

Social support is another important component of palliative care. Because a serious illness can uproot your life, it often feels isolating. A palliative care team helps by connecting you with support groups, organizing and coordinating caregiving responsibilities, and seeking out community resources. Review your medical plan documents to see what palliative care options are covered by your plan.

Getting Started

There isn’t a set time when palliative care is offered, so you can seek out care early on (often once a diagnosis is received) to help plan for what is to come. The World Health Organization states, “early delivery of palliative care reduces unnecessary hospital admissions and the use of health services.”

Receiving care on your terms is of the utmost importance, and a palliative care team can communicate a patient’s preferences, goals, and wishes. Ask your provider for a referral, whether you are a candidate for palliative care, and what support resources are available to you.

Sources:

https://www.nhpco.org/
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22850-palliative-care
https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/palliative-care/about/pac-20384637
https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/hospice-and-palliative-care/frequently-asked-questions-about-palliative-care
https://www.healthline.com/health/palliative-care
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/palliative-care

CPR Basics: A Lifesaving Technique

2024 May, Lifestyle and Wellness April 22, 2024

CPR, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation, is an incredibly critical technique that saves lives.

While many professions — from EMTs and childcare providers to flight attendants and swim instructors — require CPR certifications, understanding the basics of CPR is fairly simple and valuable to almost everyone.

When and Why Someone Could Need CPR

Cardiac arrest happens when the heart can’t pump blood, and it can occur in someone anywhere and anytime — even when you least expect it. When this happens, the heart cannot circulate blood to the brain and other vital organs.

The signs that someone may need CPR are they collapse, are unresponsive, stop breathing, and you cannot locate a pulse. Someone who is talking or showing breath movement does not need CPR (though they may still require some type of medical attention!).

CPR is instrumental in giving a person the best chance of survival while medical help is on the way. According to The American Heart Association, 350,000 people in the U.S. die from cardiac arrest outside a hospital each year, and immediate CPR can double or triple a person’s chance of survival.

The Steps of CPR

When effective, CPR can give someone without a pulse the ability to breathe on their own. Chest compressions are a key part of CPR because they help blood flow to vital organs.

A simple way to remember the steps of CPR is the acronym CAB, which stands for:

  • Compressions – Chest compressions
  • Airway – Open the airway
  • Breaths – Give rescue breaths

But the breakdown is a little more detailed:

  • First, check the surrounding area to ensure it is safe for you to perform CPR.
  • Check the collapsed person for breathing or responsiveness. Try tapping them on the shoulder or shouting.
  • Call 911, mention cardiac arrest, and ask them to bring a defibrillator (commonly referred to as an AED). If someone else is around, ask them to do this while you being performing CPR.
  • If the person isn’t breathing, place them flat on their back on a firm, flat, and stable surface.
  • Place the heel of your dominant hand in the middle of the unresponsive person’s chest (imagine a line between the nipples), and then place your other hand on top. Deliver chest compressions using your weight and pushing down at least 2 inches deep at 100–120 compressions a minute. A common tip is to try and match the musical beat of Stayin’ Alive by the Bee Gees.
  • Tilt the person’s head back and lift their chin to open the airway and give two big breaths (each lasting one full second) by blowing into their mouth while pinching their nose. Look for their chest to rise and allow the air to exit after each breath.
  • Repeat the cycle of 30 chest compressions and two breaths until medical help arrives.

These steps may differ if the unresponsive person is a child or infant.

CPR in Children

For a child who requires CPR, the steps are similar to those for adults and teens, with a few modifications:

  • Place one hand on top of the other and interlace the fingers. Use the heel of your stacked hands for the compressions while keeping the interlaced fingers off the child’s chest. If the child is particularly small, you can use a single hand only.
  • During the breathing component, if you don’t see the chest rising, double-check that the airway is open and try to form a seal around the mouth so air doesn’t escape when you breathe into their mouth.

CPR in Infants

Because infants are extremely fragile, there are additional precautions to take. When you need to deliver CPR to an infant, first flick the bottom of the foot to check for responsiveness and look for signs of breathing. Other important modifications for an infant include using your thumbs to push down roughly 1.5 inches during compressions and letting the chest return to normal between each one.

You want to place your thumbs on the center of the chest right below the nipples and then provide additional support by wrapping the other fingers around the infant’s chest. If you cannot deliver a 1.5-inch compression using your thumbs, the next step is to try a single hand.

Look into a CPR certification course near your location for more hands-on experience and to feel better prepared should an emergency arise.

Sources:

https://cpr.heart.org/en/resources/what-is-cpr
https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/cpr/performing-cpr/cpr-steps
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/17680-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation-cpr
https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/cpr/performing-cpr/what-is-cpr
https://www.today.com/health/how-to-do-cpr-rcna65104

Immunization Updates for 2024

2024 May, Lifestyle and Wellness April 22, 2024

The latest recommendations for immunization schedules.

Earlier this year, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) updated their recommended immunization schedules for children, adolescents, and adults in 2024. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), comprised of medical and public health experts, provides these recommendations.

The most notable updates include changes to vaccines for the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), mpox, meningococcal, influenza, and COVID-19.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Protection against RSV, a respiratory infection that can be extremely dangerous for infants and the elderly, is now recommended for people who are pregnant (between 32 and 36 weeks) and older adults (aged 60 and above).

Mpox

Mpox, or monkeypox, is from the same virus family as chicken and smallpox. The mpox vaccine is recommended for anyone 18 and older at risk for infection — typically men with certain sexual risk factors or those who have been in close contact with someone who is infected. The mpox vaccine, Jynneos, is administered 28 days apart.

Meningococcal

Prior to the 2024 updates, two different vaccines (MenACWY and MenB) were recommended for meningococcal disease. The pentavalent option (Penbraya) is now available, and it targets five bacterial strains that cause blood poisoning and meningitis.

Influenza

While research is underway for a universal vaccine to target the flu virus, the recommendation stands that most adults should receive an annual flu shot. Many have the choice between the injected vaccine or a nasal spray, and the CDC suggests adults 65 years or older receive a high dose.

COVID-19

The updated COVID-19 vaccine now replaces the bivalent mRNA COVID-19 booster and targets strains of the virus found circulating in communities (such as Omicron XBB.15). The CDC recommends adults ages 65 and older receive an additional updated COVID-19 vaccine.

The CDC’s website provides a full, in-depth breakdown of the immunization schedule by age for children and adolescents (18 years or younger) and adults (19 years or older).

Talk to your healthcare provider during your next appointment to ask if you need to implement any changes to your care to protect yourself.

Sources:

https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/easy-to-read/child-easyread.html
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/child-adolescent.html
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/adult.html
https://www.verywellhealth.com/2024-adult-vaccine-schedule-updates-8405325
https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/adult-immunization-schedule-updated-with-new-vaccines-for-2024